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class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="【Git】git-commit-规范和如何在-commit-里使用-emoji"><a href="#【Git】git-commit-规范和如何在-commit-里使用-emoji" class="headerlink" title="【Git】git commit 规范和如何在 commit 里使用 emoji"></a>【Git】git commit 规范和如何在 commit 里使用 emoji</h2><h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>hello 大家好，我是 Vixcity。</p>
<p>今天我给大家带来的是关于 git commit 那些事儿，希望大家能够喜欢。</p>
<p>对于 git commit message 我觉得可以大体上分成两种类型去看待。</p>
<ul>
<li>一是多人维护的，别人很容易来看 commit message ，对于通用库、开源项目这类多人维护，而且极大可能别人会来看这份代码的，一定要规范，特别是对于开源项目，往往会要列 Change Log，规范好 commit 节省自己整理 log 的时间，也方便了用户。</li>
<li>二是单人负责的，一般别人也不看 commit message 的，对于业务代码之类的，其实不搞问题也不大，因为极小可能会有人来看你的 commit message。但是这里我依然还是建议规范一下，不然一旦后面想去看就会花费很多的力气，毕竟规范一下也不麻烦。</li>
</ul>
<p>本篇文章主要讲了以下三部分内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.  了解 git commit 规范</span><br><span class="line">2.  学到用工具 Commitizen 来规范 commit</span><br><span class="line">3.  学到如何在 commit message 里加上好看的 emoji    </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="git-commit-message-规范"><a href="#git-commit-message-规范" class="headerlink" title="git commit message 规范"></a>git commit message 规范</h3><p>现在主流的 commit message 规范是 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/angular/angular.js/blob/master/DEVELOPERS.md#-git-commit-guidelines">Angular 团队所用的准则</a>，继而衍生了 <a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https://conventionalcommits.org/">Conventional Commits specification</a>， 很多工具也是基于此规范。</p>
<p>每次提交，commit message 都包括三个部分：header，body 和 footer，其中 header 有一个特殊的格式，包括了 type、scope、subject。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;<span class="built_in">type</span>&gt;(&lt;scope&gt;): &lt;subject&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;BLANK LINE&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;BLANK LINE&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;footer&gt;  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其中 header 是必选的，但是 header 里的 scope 是可选的，另外提交的 message 长度不要超过 100 个字符，太长了不易阅读。</p>
<p>对于我个人来说，我觉得只要把 header 部分规范其实基本能满足绝大部分需要了，强制去规范 body 和 footer 对于团队的同学来说简直是折磨，所以我这里仅介绍 header 的几部分</p>
<h4 id="type"><a href="#type" class="headerlink" title="type"></a>type</h4><p>type 指明 git commit 的类别，应该使用以下类型</p>
<ul>
<li>『feat』: 新增功能</li>
<li>『fix』: 修复 bug</li>
<li>『docs』: 仅仅修改了文档，比如 README, CHANGELOG 等等</li>
<li>『test』: 增加/修改测试用例，包括单元测试、集成测试等</li>
<li>『style』: 修改了空行、缩进格式、引用包排序等等（不改变代码逻辑）</li>
<li>『perf』: 优化相关内容，比如提升性能、体验、算法等</li>
<li>『refactor』: 代码重构，「没有新功能或者 bug 修复」</li>
<li>『chore』: 改变构建流程、或者增加依赖库、工具等</li>
<li>『revert』: 回滚到上一个版本</li>
<li>『merge』: 代码合并</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="scope（可选）"><a href="#scope（可选）" class="headerlink" title="scope（可选）"></a>scope（可选）</h4><p>scope 用于说明 commit 影响的范围，根据不同项目有不同层次描述。若没有特殊规定，也可以描述影响的哪些功能等。</p>
<h4 id="subject"><a href="#subject" class="headerlink" title="subject"></a>subject</h4><p>subject 是 commit 目的的简短描述，不超过 50/80 个字符，一般 git 提交的时候会有颜色提示。</p>
<ul>
<li>若英文用不惯，那么推荐使用中文</li>
<li>若是开源代码，一律推荐统一英文，英文不行可以翻译软件用起来</li>
<li>若是开源代码，可以再附加对应的 issue 地址</li>
<li>结尾不加标点符号</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="工具：Commitizen"><a href="#工具：Commitizen" class="headerlink" title="工具：Commitizen"></a>工具：Commitizen</h3><p>Commitizen 是一个撰写合格 commit message 的工具,（详细说明见 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/commitizen/cz-cli">github 地址</a>），用于代替 git commit 指令，而 cz-conventional-changelog 适配器提供 conventional-changelog 标准（约定式提交标准）。基于不同需求，也可以使用不同适配器。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>全局安装 commitizen cz-conventional-changelog</p>
 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install -g commitizen cz-conventional-changelog  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>git cz 取代 git commit</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>安装完毕后，可直接使用 git cz 来取代 git commit。</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Vixcity/FigureBed/img/202109080953517.jpg" alt="git cz"></p>
<p>可以看到当你 cz 之后，下面有很多的 type 让你选择，这就省掉了每次你去想应该用哪种 type，非常方便。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>全局模式下，需要 <code>~/.czrc</code> 配置文件, 为 commitizen 指定 Adapter, 如果你不需要生成 Change Log 可以不用去处理。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>只要用了 Commitizen ，就很方便的就规范的大家的 message 。</p>
<h3 id="在-commit-message-里用-emoji"><a href="#在-commit-message-里用-emoji" class="headerlink" title="在 commit message 里用 emoji"></a>在 commit message 里用 emoji</h3><p>在 git commit 上使用 emoji 提供了一种简单的方法，仅通过查看所使用的表情符号来确定提交的目的或意图, 提交记录非常好理解，阅读体验非常棒。</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Vixcity/FigureBed/img/202109080954608.jpg" alt="表情符号来"></p>
<h4 id="使用方法"><a href="#使用方法" class="headerlink" title="使用方法"></a>使用方法</h4><p>git commit 时直接在注释中写入表情符号的代码部分即可完成表情 emoji 的提交。</p>
<p>举个栗子：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">&#x27;:tada: init commit&#x27;</span>  </span><br><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">&#x27;added image to repo :art:&#x27;</span>  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>如果你用 Commitizen，可能不太好把 emoji 放在最前面，因为咱们操作的空间，就在 git cz 后第三次交互提示，也就是在输入 header 的 subject 的时候填入，如果是这样，可以选择把表情放到最后。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>效果展示：<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Vixcity/FigureBed/img/202109080956473.jpg" alt="图片"></p>
<p>如果你们团队是一个喜欢用 emoji 的团队，其实可以不用遵循上面的一节的规范，因为 emoji 已经可以表达出 header 的 type 的作用了，直接在 emoji 后面加描述即可。</p>
<h4 id="emoji-表情库"><a href="#emoji-表情库" class="headerlink" title="emoji 表情库"></a>emoji 表情库</h4><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">emoji</th>
<th align="center">emoji 代码</th>
<th align="center">commit 说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">:tada: (庆祝)</td>
<td align="center">:tada:</td>
<td align="center">初次提交</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:new: (全新)</td>
<td align="center">:new:</td>
<td align="center">引入新功能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:bookmark: (书签)</td>
<td align="center">:bookmark:</td>
<td align="center">发行/版本标签</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:bug: (bug)</td>
<td align="center">:bug:</td>
<td align="center">修复 bug</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:ambulance: (急救车)</td>
<td align="center">:ambulance:</td>
<td align="center">重要补丁</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:globe_with_meridians: (地球)</td>
<td align="center">:globe_with_meridians:</td>
<td align="center">国际化与本地化</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:lipstick: (口红)</td>
<td align="center">:lipstick:</td>
<td align="center">更新 UI 和样式文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:clapper: (场记板)</td>
<td align="center">:clapper:</td>
<td align="center">更新演示/示例</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:rotating_light: (警车灯)</td>
<td align="center">:rotating_light:</td>
<td align="center">移除 linter 警告</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:wrench: (扳手)</td>
<td align="center">:wrench:</td>
<td align="center">修改配置文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:heavy_plus_sign: (加号)</td>
<td align="center">:heavy_plus_sign:</td>
<td align="center">增加一个依赖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:heavy_minus_sign: (减号)</td>
<td align="center">:heavy_minus_sign:</td>
<td align="center">减少一个依赖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:arrow_up: (上升箭头)</td>
<td align="center">:arrow_up:</td>
<td align="center">升级依赖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:arrow_down: (下降箭头)</td>
<td align="center">:arrow_down:</td>
<td align="center">降级依赖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:zap: (闪电)</td>
<td align="center">:zap:</td>
<td align="center">提升性能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:racehorse: (赛马)</td>
<td align="center">:racehorse:</td>
<td align="center">提升性能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:chart_with_upwards_trend: (上升趋势图)</td>
<td align="center">:chart_with_upwards_trend:</td>
<td align="center">添加分析或跟踪代码</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:rocket: (火箭)</td>
<td align="center">:rocket:</td>
<td align="center">部署功能</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:white_check_mark: (白色复选框)</td>
<td align="center">:white_check_mark:</td>
<td align="center">增加测试</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:memo: (备忘录)</td>
<td align="center">:memo:</td>
<td align="center">撰写文档</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:book: (书)</td>
<td align="center">:book:</td>
<td align="center">撰写文档</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:hammer: (锤子)</td>
<td align="center">:hammer:</td>
<td align="center">重大重构</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:art: (调色板)</td>
<td align="center">:art:</td>
<td align="center">改进代码结构/代码格式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:fire: (火焰)</td>
<td align="center">:fire:</td>
<td align="center">移除代码或文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:pencil2: (铅笔)</td>
<td align="center">:pencil2:</td>
<td align="center">修复 typo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:construction: (施工)</td>
<td align="center">:construction:</td>
<td align="center">工作进行中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:wastebasket: (垃圾桶)</td>
<td align="center">:wastebasket:</td>
<td align="center">废弃或删除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:wheelchair: (轮椅)</td>
<td align="center">:wheelchair:</td>
<td align="center">可访问性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:construction_worker: (工人)</td>
<td align="center">:construction_worker:</td>
<td align="center">添加 CI 构建系统</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:green_heart: (绿心)</td>
<td align="center">:green_heart:</td>
<td align="center">修复 CI 构建问题</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:lock: (锁)</td>
<td align="center">:lock:</td>
<td align="center">修复安全问题</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:whale: (鲸鱼)</td>
<td align="center">:whale:</td>
<td align="center">Docker 相关工作</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:apple: (苹果)</td>
<td align="center">:apple:</td>
<td align="center">修复 macOS 下的问题</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:penguin: (企鹅)</td>
<td align="center">:penguin:</td>
<td align="center">修复 Linux 下的问题</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:checkered_flag: (旗帜)</td>
<td align="center">:checkered_flag:</td>
<td align="center">修复 Windows 下的问题</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">:twisted_rightwards_arrows: (交叉箭头)</td>
<td align="center">:twisted_rightwards_arrows:</td>
<td align="center">分支合并</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="如何在命令行中显示-emoji"><a href="#如何在命令行中显示-emoji" class="headerlink" title="如何在命令行中显示 emoji"></a>如何在命令行中显示 emoji</h4><p>默认情况下，在命令行中并不会显示出 emoji, 仅显示 emoji 代码。不过可以使用 emojify 使得在命令行也可显示 emoji, 它是一个 shell 脚本，安装与使用都很简单，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/mrowa44/emojify">在这里</a> 查看更详细的如何安装与使用。</p>
<h5 id="安装-emojify"><a href="#安装-emojify" class="headerlink" title="安装 emojify"></a>安装 emojify</h5><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo sh -c <span class="string">&quot;curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrowa44/emojify/master/emojify -o /usr/local/bin/emojify &amp;&amp; chmod +x /usr/local/bin/emojify&quot;</span>  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="使用-emojify"><a href="#使用-emojify" class="headerlink" title="使用 emojify"></a>使用 emojify</h5><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">emojify <span class="string">&quot;Hey, I just :raising_hand: you, and this is :scream: , but here&#x27;s my :calling: , so :telephone_receiver: me, maybe?&quot;</span>  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>显示效果：<br><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Vixcity/FigureBed/img/202109081014266.jpg" alt="显示效果"></p>
<p>在使用 git bash 的时候，设置替换日志中的表情符号代码</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">log</span> --oneline --color | emojify | less -r  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者设置 git log 命令别名</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> gitlog=<span class="string">&#x27;git log --oneline --color | emojify | less -r&#x27;</span>    </span><br><span class="line">gitlog  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>效果如下：<br><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Vixcity/FigureBed/img/202109081016202.jpg" alt="效果如下"></p>
<p>是不是很好玩，快去试试吧！</p>
<h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hooj0.github.io/git-emoji-guide/">git-emoji-guide</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29764863">git commit 时使用 Emoji ?</a></li>
</ul>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://vixcity.gitee.io/my-gitee-blog">Vixcity</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://vixcity.gitee.io/my-gitee-blog/2021/09/09/%E3%80%90Git%E3%80%91git%20commit%20%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%92%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%20commit%20%E9%87%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20emoji/">http://vixcity.gitee.io/my-gitee-blog/2021/09/09/%E3%80%90Git%E3%80%91git%20commit%20%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%92%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%20commit%20%E9%87%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20emoji/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a 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